Can we insist that doctors - Business Management Daily

Q. May we ask for a diagnosis when an employee ?requests a few days of sick leave? Or must we ?accept any doctor?s note without any explanation?

A. It seems reasonable for an employer to request a diagnosis for an employee?s absence due to sick leave. However, a federal court recently held that requiring a doctor?s note that inquires into the nature of an employee?s absence was an intrusive and unlawful medical inquiry under the ADA.

In EEOC v. Dillard?s, a California district court examined an employer?s attendance policy, which required employees to provide a doctor?s note identifying the nature of a health-related absence and the medical con?dition being treated.

The court concluded that the policy violated the ADA. It said the employer failed to explain why it needed to identify the employee?s underlying medical condition in a case where a doctor?s note verified that the employee had a medical condition that required missing work and specified when she may return to work. The court said the policy invited intrusive questioning into the employee?s medical condition that could elicit information regarding a disability.

Rather than requiring a diagnosis from an employee?s health care provider, you should require employees to submit a doctor?s note providing the date on which he or she was seen and the expected return-to-work date, along with a statement and that absence from work was medically necessary.

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8 articles in German Language (well written) *Fluent German ...

Project Description:
Hello everyone,

I?m looking for a native German speaking Article Writer to work alongside me on a marketing project. There is the possibility as part time writer after well done project.

I am looking to hire a project relevant German Article Writer for 8 articles approx. 1076 words per article (between 800-1400 words each). You should write 100% unique content (Automatic translations with a program or software, etc. are NOT ACCEPTED), should make scenes and will be well done written! I would also prefer if you can get these articles completed within 7 days timeframe.

The main topic will be: ?Snowblower? (German: Schneefr?se). You will get the complete instructions via email after my personal applicant selection. Article topics would be something like ?Snowblower Advices?, etc.

You have to write unique content for each topic within a given keyword density!

Here are some requirements you MUST have to apply:
* Be available during 10am-2pm GMT
* Have excellent German skills (writing and speaking)
* Be available on Skype for voice and text chat
* Articles must be written in Microsoft Word

Please apply if the above fits your resume, when apply please mention the word ?SNOWFREE? in your project message or bid message. I need someone who follows directions, so if I don't see ?SNOWFREE? in your message to me, I will not consider your bid.

Good luck bidding. I hope to find some people that are good at German article writing so I can continue to give you more writing jobs ? good luck!

Also, I would like to know your history and experience with German Article Writing. Please give me as much information as possible with your past German article writing experiences. If you can include examples, that?s even better.

I?m looking for quality, but price is also a factor. Although quality plays a more important role.

Thanks a lot
John

P.S. Further corresponding will be in German.

Skills required:
Articles, Blog, German Additional Files: add-german-job-desc.pdf

Source: http://www.freelancer.com/projects/Blog-Articles/articles-German-Language-well-written.html

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Police: Chiefs' Belcher kills girlfriend, self

FILE - In this Sept. 30, 2012 file photo, Kansas City Chiefs inside linebacker Jovan Belcher (59) gestures at the line of scrimmage during an NFL football game against the San Diego Chargers in Kansas City, Mo. Police say Belcher fatally shot his girlfriend early Saturday, Dec. 1, 2012, in Kansas City, Mo., then drove to Arrowhead Stadium and committed suicide in front of his coach and general manager. (AP Photo/Ed Zurga, File)

FILE - In this Sept. 30, 2012 file photo, Kansas City Chiefs inside linebacker Jovan Belcher (59) gestures at the line of scrimmage during an NFL football game against the San Diego Chargers in Kansas City, Mo. Police say Belcher fatally shot his girlfriend early Saturday, Dec. 1, 2012, in Kansas City, Mo., then drove to Arrowhead Stadium and committed suicide in front of his coach and general manager. (AP Photo/Ed Zurga, File)

FILE - In this Dec. 19, 2010, file photo, Kansas City Chiefs linebacker Jovan Belcher (59) walks off the field during the third quarter of an NFL football game against the St. Louis Rams in St. Louis. Police say Belcher fatally shot his girlfriend early Saturday, Dec. 1, 2012, in Kansas City, Mo., then drove to Arrowhead Stadium and committed suicide in front of his coach and general manager. (AP Photo/Seth Perlman, File)

A police car leaves the training facility for the Kansas City Chiefs NFL football team on Saturday, Dec. 1, 2012, in Kansas City, Mo. A 25-year-old Chiefs player fatally shot his girlfriend early Saturday, then drove to Arrowhead Stadium and committed suicide in front of two team officials, police said. (AP Photo/Charlie Riedel)

A security guard stands outside the training facility for the Kansas City Chiefs NFL football team on Saturday, Dec. 1, 2012, in Kansas City, Mo. A 25-year-old Chiefs player fatally shot his girlfriend early Saturday, then drove to Arrowhead Stadium and committed suicide in front of two team officials, police said. (AP Photo/Charlie Riedel)

FILE - In this Oct. 7, 2012, file photo, Kansas City Chiefs head coach Romeo Crennel, left, and general manager Scott Pioli watch the team warm up prior to an NFL football game against the Baltimore Ravens in Kansas City, Mo. Police say Chiefs player Javon Belcher fatally shot his girlfriend early Saturday, Dec. 1, 2012, in Kansas City, Mo., then drove to Arrowhead Stadium and committed suicide in front of his coach and general manager. (AP Photo/Ed Zurga, File)

KANSAS CITY, Mo. (AP) ? It began like any other Saturday for the Kansas City Chiefs during the NFL season, their general manager and coach at work early to put final touches on this weekend's gameplan. Then they got a call to hurry to the parking lot.

The two men rushed through the glass doors of Chiefs headquarters and came face-to-face with linebacker Jovan Belcher, holding a handgun to his head.

Belcher had already killed his girlfriend and sped the short distance to Arrowhead Stadium, right past a security checkpoint guarding the entrance. Upon finding his bosses, Belcher thanked general manager Scott Pioli and head coach Romeo Crennel for giving him a chance in the NFL. Then he turned away and pulled the trigger.

The murder-suicide shocked a franchise that has been dealing with controversies now made trivial by comparison: eight consecutive losses, injuries too numerous to count, discontent among fans and the prospect that Pioli and Crennel could be fired at season's end.

Authorities did not release a possible motive while piecing together the case, other than to note that Belcher and his girlfriend, 22-year-old Kasandra M. Perkins, had been arguing frequently.

The two of them left behind a 3-month-old girl. She was being cared for by family.

The Chiefs issued a statement that said their game Sunday afternoon against the Carolina Panthers would go on as scheduled, even as the franchise tried to come to grips with the awfulness of Belcher's death.

"The entire Chiefs family is deeply saddened by today's events, and our collective hearts are heavy with sympathy, thoughts and prayers for the families and friends affected by this unthinkable tragedy," Chiefs chairman Clark Hunt said in brief a statement.

A spokesman for the team told The Associated Press that Crennel plans to coach on Sunday.

"I can tell you that you have absolutely no idea what it's like to see someone kill themselves," said Kansas City Mayor Sly James, who spoke to Pioli shortly after the shootings.

"You can take your worst nightmare and put someone you know and love in that situation, and give them a gun and stand three feet away and watch them kill themselves. That's what it's like," James said. "It's unfathomable."

The 25-year-old Belcher was from West Babylon, N.Y., and played college football at Maine. He signed with the Chiefs as an undrafted free agent, made the team and hung around the past four years, eventually moving into the starting lineup. He played in all 11 games this season.

The NFL released a statement expressing sympathy and pledging "to provide assistance in any way that we can." The players' association has also been in touch with members of the Chiefs.

"We sincerely appreciate the expressions of sympathy and support we have received from so many in the Kansas City and NFL communities, and ask for continued prayers for the loved ones of those impacted," Hunt said. "We will continue to fully cooperate with the authorities and work to ensure that the appropriate counseling resources are available to all members of the organization."

The drama unfolded early Saturday when authorities received a call from a woman who said her daughter had been shot multiple times at a residence about five miles from the Arrowhead complex. The call came from Belcher's mother, who referred to the victim as her daughter.

"She treated Kasandra like a daughter," Kansas City police spokesman Darin Snapp said, adding that the women had recently moved in with the couple, "probably to help out with the baby."

Police then got a phone call from the Chiefs' training facility, and Belcher's description matched the suspect description from the initial address. Snapp said officers pulled into the practice facility parking lot in a matter of minutes, in time to witness the suicide.

"Pioli and Crennel and another coach or employee was standing outside and appeared to be talking to him," Snapp said. "The suspect began to walk in the opposite direction of the coaches and the officers and that's when they heard the gunshot. It appears he took his own life."

The coaches told police they never felt in any danger.

"They said the player was actually thanking them for everything they'd done for him," Snapp said. "He was thanking them and everything. That's when he walked away and shot himself."

Members of the Chiefs laid low Saturday, but a few of them reacted on Twitter.

"I am devastated by this mornings events," Pro Bowl linebacker Tamba Hali wrote. "I want to send my thoughts and prayers out to everyone effected by this tragedy."

A large group of Belcher's friends and relatives gathered Saturday at his boyhood home on Long Island.

His family turned the front yard into a shrine, with a large poster of Belcher, an array of his trophies, and jerseys and jackets from Kansas City, Maine and West Babylon High.

"He was a good, good person ... a family man. A loving guy," said family friend Ruben Marshall, who said he coached Belcher in youth football. "You couldn't be around a better person."

At least 20 people gathered for a large group hug in the driveway.

"He was a tremendous player and all those things, and his accolades speak for themselves, but he lit up when he spoke about his mom, or when he hugged his family after games," said Dwayne Wilmot, who was Belcher's position coach at Maine and is now an assistant coach at Yale.

"It's difficult to talk about Jovan in the past tense," he told the AP. "There's going to be unanswered questions, the why's of this tragedy. It'll never be truly known to us."

Wilmot said he'd stayed in touch with Belcher the past few years through social media.

"He was someone who took genuine pleasure in bringing happiness to others," Wilmot said. "I was so excited when he became a father, because I knew he'd be a great father."

His girlfriend's Facebook page shows the couple smiling and holding the baby.

Belcher is the latest among several players and NFL retirees to die from self-inflicted gunshot wounds during the past few years. The death of star linebacker Junior Seau, who shot himself in the chest in at his California home last May, sent shockwaves around the league.

Seau's family, like those of other suicide victims, donated his brain tissue to medical authorities to determine if head injuries he sustained playing football might be linked to his death. That report has not been released, although an autopsy showed no underlying hemorrhaging or bruises on Seau's brain.

Belcher did not have an extensive injury history, though he was listed as having a head injury on a report from Nov. 11, 2009. Belcher played four days later against the Oakland Raiders.

Earlier this year, the NFL provided a grant to help establish an independently operated phone service that connects players, coaches, team officials and other staff with counselors trained to work through personal and emotional crises. The NFL Life Line is available 24 hours a day.

The season has been a massive disappointment for the Chiefs, who were expected to contend for the AFC West title. They're 1-10 and mired in an eight-game skid marked by injuries, poor play and fan upheaval. During the past few weeks there have been constant calls for Pioli and Crennel to be fired.

It's unknown how the Chiefs plan to pay tribute to Belcher during Sunday's game.

"His move to the NFL was in keeping with his dreams," said Jack Cosgrove, who coached Belcher at Maine. "This is an indescribably horrible tragedy."

___

Associated Press Writers Heather Hollingsworth and Frank Eltman contributed to this report.

__

Online: http://pro32.ap.org and http://twitter.com/AP_NFL

Associated Press

Source: http://hosted2.ap.org/APDEFAULT/3d281c11a96b4ad082fe88aa0db04305/Article_2012-12-01-Chiefs-Player%20Shooting/id-ddde1d189b3341e4b8a53b978894f428

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Lignin-based thermoplastic conversion process

ScienceDaily (Nov. 30, 2012) ? Turning lignin, a plant's structural "glue" and a byproduct of the paper and pulp industry, into something considerably more valuable is driving a research effort headed by Amit Naskar of Oak Ridge National Laboratory.

In a cover article published in Green Chemistry, the research team describes a process that ultimately transforms the lignin byproduct into a thermoplastic -- a polymer that becomes pliable above a specific temperature. Researchers accomplished this by reconstructing larger lignin molecules either through a chemical reaction with formaldehyde or by washing with methanol. Through these simple chemical processes, they created a crosslinked rubber-like material that can also be processed like plastics.

"Our work addresses a pathway to utilize lignin as a sustainable, renewable resource material for synthesis of thermoplastics that are recyclable," said Naskar, a member of the Department of Energy laboratory's Material Science and Technology Division.

Instead of using nearly 50 million tons of lignin byproduct produced annually as a low-cost fuel to power paper and pulp mills, the material can be transformed into a lignin-derived high-value plastic. While the lignin byproduct in raw form is worth just pennies a pound as a fuel, the value can potentially increase by a factor of 10 or more after the conversion.

Naskar noted that earlier work on lignin-based plastics utilized material that was available from pulping industries and was a significantly degraded version of native lignin contained in biomass. This decomposition occurs during harsh chemical treatment of biomass.

"Here, however, we attempted to reconstruct larger lignin molecules by a simple crosslinking chemistry and then used it as a substitute for rigid phase in a formulation that behaves like crosslinked rubbers that can also be processed like plastics," Naskar said.

Crosslinking involves building large lignin molecules by combining smaller molecules where formaldehyde helps to bridge the smaller units by chemical bonding. Naskar envisions the process leading to lower cost gaskets, window channels, irrigation hose, dashboards, car seat foam and a number of other plastic-like products.

Other ORNL authors are Tomonori Saito, Rebecca Brown, Marcus Hunt, Deanna Pickel, Joseph Pickel, Jamie Messman, Frederick Baker and Martin Keller. The research was funded by the Laboratory Directed Research and Development program.

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Story Source:

The above story is reprinted from materials provided by DOE/Oak Ridge National Laboratory.

Note: Materials may be edited for content and length. For further information, please contact the source cited above.

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Journal Reference:

1. Tomonori Saito, Rebecca H. Brown, Marcus A. Hunt, Deanna L. Pickel, Joseph M. Pickel, Jamie M. Messman, Frederick S. Baker, Martin Keller, Amit K. Naskar. Turning renewable resources into value-added polymer: development of lignin-based thermoplastic. Green Chemistry, 2012; 14 (12): 3295 DOI: 10.1039/C2GC35933B

Note: If no author is given, the source is cited instead.

Disclaimer: Views expressed in this article do not necessarily reflect those of ScienceDaily or its staff.

Source: http://feeds.sciencedaily.com/~r/sciencedaily/top_news/~3/7igVP_lu5tM/121130222251.htm

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Infosys to shift U.S. listing from Nasdaq to NYSE Euronext

LOS ANGELES (Reuters) - Honda Motor Co introduced its redesigned Civic sedan only a year-and-a-half after a major model change of the best-selling compact car in the United States. Even Honda admits that the 2012 Civic, introduced in the spring of 2011, missed the mark. For a company that prides itself on rock-solid reliability, it was a shock last summer when influential Consumer Reports ranked the Civic dead last in a field of 12 compact sedans it tested. Sales of the new Civic, a 2013 model, will start this week and the refreshed car was shown off on Thursday at the LA Auto Show. ...

Source: http://news.yahoo.com/infosys-plans-list-ads-nyse-euronext-132102818--sector.html

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Maya used clay balls to cook food

Planning a last supper party on Dec. 21? To celebrate the Mayan way, you might need several clay balls.

That's one way the Maya cooked their food, according to U.S. archaeologists who have unearthed dozens of rounded clay pieces from a site in Mexico.

Conducted with the Instituto Nacional de Antropolog?a e Historia (INAH) and Millsaps College's financial support, the excavation of a kitchen at Escalera al Cielo in Yucat?n revealed 77 complete balls and 912 smaller fragments.

About 1 to 2 inches in diameter and more than 1,000 years old, the clay balls contained microscopic pieces of maize, beans, squash and other root crops.

PHOTOS: 2012 Doomsday and Other Signs of the End Times

The finding supports the hypothesis that the balls "were involved in kitchen activities related to food processing," archaeologists Stephanie Simms, Francesco Berna, of Boston University, Mass., and George Bey of Millsaps College, Miss., wrote in the Journal of Archaeological Science.

"This is the first time fired clay balls have been studied in the Maya area and, to my knowledge, no one has documented the use of clay balls in modern Maya cooking," Simms told Discovery News.

Located in the Puuc Maya hills of Yucat?n, Escalera al Cielo was an elite residential settlement that was rapidly abandoned sometime near the end of the Terminal Classic period (800-950 A.D.), as shown by ceramic vessels, stone tools, personal adornments and other material assembled on the floors.

"We know much about the nature of ancient Maya kings and queens, but this type of study helps see how the Maya worked in the kitchen, what kinds of tools they used and the ways they might have prepared their cuisine," Bey, the project co-director along with archaeologist Tom?s Gallareta Negr?n and anthropologist William Ringle, told Discovery News.

To better understand the meaning of the fired clay balls, the researchers used a suite of microscopic techniques and experimental replication. The tests revealed that the balls were produced from local clay in a standardized set of sizes.

"They were fired at a fairly low temperature and were used repeatedly in the kitchen," Bey said.

NEWS: Chinese Noodle Dinner Buried for 2,500 Years

Most likely, the fired clay balls were either placed directly into pots of food to cook or heat it, or used in pit (pib in Mayan) oven cooking installations.

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"This cooking method involves digging a shallow pit, lining it with stones or clay balls, building a fire on top and waiting until it is reduced to embers," Simms said.

The process continued by placing whole roots, squash fruits or packets of food wrapped in maize on the hot stones. Everything was then covered with earth and leaves to seal in heat. Cooking took from one hour to up to a day or more.

The experimental tests showed "how the ancient Puuc Maya manipulated materials available to them to produce objects that potentially represent a staple of every Puuc Maya kitchen inventory, maybe even representing a local cooking technique and cuisine," Simms said.

Fired clay balls have been described from a variety of archaeological contexts worldwide, particularly in the Lower Mississippi River Basin and southeastern United States, and in areas of southwest Asia where clay is abundant but stone are not. Similar clay balls were also unearthed in the neolithic village of Catalhoyuk in Turkey, where they were found in hearths and interpreted as cooking or heating implements.

WIDE ANGLE: 'Mayan Doomsday' Is NOT The Apocalypse

Charles Kolb, an anthropologist, archaeologist and senior program officer in the Division of Preservation and Access at the National Endowment for the Humanities, Washington, D.C., agrees that Bey and colleagues "have provided logical inferences of artifact use."

"The fired clay balls show multiple heating episodes rather than just one firing. A single firing might suggest the use as these balls as 'sling stones' or offensive weaponry, but their size would connote other uses," Kolb told Discovery News.

"The multiple firings of these balls points to uses in culinary activities with these fired clay balls substituting for stones," he added.

? 2012 Discovery Channel

Source: http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/50012113/ns/technology_and_science-science/

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Amazon Web Services Launches Data Pipeline, An Orchestration Service For Data-Driven Workflows

Amazon Web Services announced AWS Data Pipeline at the re:Invent conference today. The new service is designed to help developers manage applications through a data driven process. With the Data Pipeline, a customer's workflow uses pre-made templates to flow the data to the correct destination.

Source: http://feedproxy.google.com/~r/Techcrunch/~3/QjBOy8Aar_E/

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